Service life prediction of high performance concrete. Nadeem qureshi1 and somnath ghosh2 1research scholar, department of civil engineering, jadavpur university, kolkata, india senior lecturer, government polytechnic, khamgaon, maharashtra, india. The strength development of the composites with ggbs is slower. Experimental study on partial replacement of cement by flyash. Effect of steel slag and portland cement in the rate of hydration and strength of blast furnace slag. Use of ggbs concrete mixes for aggressive infrastructural applications enterprise ireland ecocem ireland innovation partnership programme project code ip20080540. N engineering college, gulbarga, karnataka, india abstract this paper presents a laboratory investigation on. The ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is a byproduct of iron manufacturing which when added to concrete improves its properties such as workability, strength and durability. From structural point of view, ggbs replacement enhances lower heat of hydration, higher durability and higher resistance to sulphate and chloride attack when compared with normal ordinary concrete. Suitability of bs en 1971 cem ii and cem v cement for. However, the use of high volume ggbfs as cement replacement could be.
Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs, manufactured from a byproduct of the ironmaking industry, is one of. Fa was obtained from drax coalfired power station in the uk. Effect of curing conditions on the compressive strength and microstructure of alkaliactivated ggbs paste mohd. On the other hand, it also contributes to environmental protection because it minimizes the use of cement during the production of concrete. Soil stabilisation with ground granulated blastfurnace slag ecocem. This glassy granulate is dried and ground to the required size, which is known as ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a byproduct from the blast furnaces used to produce iron. Durability of the mortars and concretes containing ground converter slag. Ggbs is very useful in the design and development of highquality cement pastemortar and concrete. With this view we have made an attempt is to replace cement by a mineral admixture, i. Two major uses of ggbs 2 are in the production of qualityimproved slag cement, namely portland blast furnace cement pbfc and highslag blastfurnace cement hsbfc, with ggbs content ranging typically from 30 to 70% and in the production of readymixed or sitebatched durable concrete. Influence of ggbs on mechanical properties of high strength. The effect of fineness on the hydration activity index of ground. Experimental study on partial replacement of cement by.
Development of strength for calcium aluminate cement mortars blended with ggbs. Ggbs concrete ggbs proportions on its own, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs hardens very slowly and, for use in concrete, it needs to be activated by combining it with portland cement. The normal ratios and proportions of aggregates and water to cementitious material in the mix remain unchanged. After iterative trial mixes the water cement ratio wc was selected as 0. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs is one of the concrete additions. Groundgranulated blastfurnace slag ggbs or ggbfs is obtained by quenching molten iron slag a byproduct of iron and steelmaking from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs is a cementitious material for use as part replacement of cement opc.
Partial replacement of cement with ggbs in self compacting. A concrete using cement alone as a binder requires high paste volume, which often leads to excessive shrinkage and large evolution of heat of hydration, besides increased cost. Ggbs play an important role in making the concrete mass free from voids and hence making the structure less permeable. A wide variety of ggbs cement options are available to you, there are 202 suppliers who sells ggbs cement on, mainly located in asia. Ggbs, which is a byproduct of the manufacturing of iron in the blast furnace, can partially replace cement in concrete. This material is obtained by the heating of iron ore, limestone and coke at a temperature about 1500 degree celsius. So we have performed xrd tests on ggbs to know the variation of different constituent within it. Effect of curing conditions on the compressive strength. Groundgranulated blast furnace slag is highly cementitious and high in csh calcium silicate hydrates which is a. Ggbs, service life prediction, silica fume and watercement ratio. The conversion is made and then following arrays called inverted. Can i add ggbs beyond the limit specified in is code.
It improves the quality and durability of concrete. V 2, ganapathy ramasamy 2 1assistant professor, department of civil engineering, srm university, chennai, india 2postgraduate, department of civil engineering, srm university, chennai, india received 17 june. Influence of ggbs on mechanical properties of highstrength concrete s. Is ggbs a good partial replacement for cement in concrete.
G student structural engineering 2professor 1,2department of civil engineering 1,2k. Properties of concrete with ground granulated blast furnace. The cement industry is held responsible for some of the carbon dioxide emission, because the production of one ton portland cement emits approximately one ton of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere. Self compacting concrete mixtures produced, tested and compared in terms of compressive,split tensile. It is always used in combination with portland cement, typically in the range 60% pc and 40% ggbs to 30% pc and 70% ggbs, depending on the application. Pdf development of strength for calcium aluminate cement. The use of ggbs serves as a replacement to already depleting conventional building materials and also as being a byproduct it serves as an eco. V 2, ganapathy ramasamy 2 1assistant professor, department of civil engineering, srm university, chennai, india. Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world.
M1 to m3, were made with replacement levels of 20%, 40%, and 60% of ggbfs by weight of cement. Ggbs cement is widely used in the uk and on the continent for making concrete. Nov 01, 2014 powerfloating as ggbs concrete stays plastic for a longer time than portland cement concrete, this enables the contractor to achieve a very flat finish. Final setting time min 265 the granulated slag is extracted from the process of pig iron production, where the molten slag is quenched with cold water, producing glassy granulates. Dejadurability of the mortars and concretes containing ground converter slag. Partial replacement of cement with ggbs in concrete. The main aim is to convert this sample from solid state to liquid state. Very occasionally, it can be found up to a ratio of 90% ggbs and 10% pc.
The paper deals with corrosion resistance of cement mortars with various amounts of ground granulated. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs to bs 6699. Pdf ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a waste material. However, as always, we need to ask what the intention is. Pdf strength and durability studies on ggbs concrete. Ground granulated blast furnace slag conclusion jsw. Vcem ggbs has the same chemical constituents as portland cement, only with slightly difference in proportion. High strength concrete incorporating ground granulated. The materials used for this investigation were locally sourced and consisted of sand, cem iial limestone cement, cem i ordinary portland cement, sulfate resisting portland cement, granulated.
During the conversion, pig iron and scrap are melted and. Ggbs is used as a direct replacement for portland cement, on a onetoone basis by weight. What is maximum content of ggbs in concrete mix design. Properties of concrete with ground granulated blast. For mudtocementconversion ggbs is mixed with the drilling mud and does. Concrete made with ggbs cement sets more slowly than concrete made with ordinary portland cement, depending on the amount of ggbs in the cement mix, but also continues to gain strength over a longer period leading to improved overall durability and life expectancy.
The replacement of portland cement with ggbs will lead to significant reduction of carbon dioxide gas emission. Executive summary the case for research into the deterioration associated with water and wastewater. It was found that concrete mixed with ultrafine slag powder has higher early. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs jsw cement. Thus this shows that cement content can be reduced in soil solidification when.
As per is codes what is the maximum ggbs content i can add into concrete as a replacement of cement. The chemical compositions of cement and ggbs are given in table 1. Strength, carbon footprint and cost considerations of. A cem i, 52,5n portland cement used for reference concrete mix for blending with fa, ggbs and sf to produce cem ii and cem v cements for the study. Pdf using ggbs for partial cement replacement in concrete. Kanta rao abstract the major problem the world is facing today is the environmental pollution. Effect of cementitious waste material ggbs on concrete. This is important interview question, i want correct answer for it. With over 200 sites and more than 3900 dedicated employees, were home to everything from aggregates, asphalt, readymixed concrete and precast concrete products. Aggregates, cement and readymix concrete market investigation ggbspfa working paper introduction 1. Blast furnace slag ggbs has been used as a supplementary material along with the cement. In the concrete for the sydney harbour tunnel, we used marine cement which is a blended cement.
What is maximum content of ggbs in concrete mix design civil4m. High strength concrete incorporating ground granulated blast. Iron ore, coke, and limestone are fed into the furnace and. The production of ggbs requires less additional energy as compared with the energy needed for the production of portland cement. Powerfloating as ggbs concrete stays plastic for a longer time than portland cement concrete, this enables the contractor to achieve a very flat finish. Effect of partial replacement of cement with ggbs on. Effect of cementitious waste material ggbs on concrete as a. Ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete and its.
Experimental study on partial replacement of cement by flyash and ggbs syed asif ali1 professor shaik abdullah2 1p. Regen ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is a cement substitute, manufactured from a byproduct of the ironmaking industry. High strength concrete incorporating ground granulated blast furnace slag and steel fibres. In doing so, the watertocementitious materials ratio was kept the same in order to investigate the effects of replacing cement with ggbfs when other parameters were unchanged. Ggbs partially replaced in concrete in step of 20% 0%, 20%, 40% and 60%. To analyze effect of ggbs on the properties of fresh concrete especially workability of concrete. These pozzolanic materials convert calcium hydroxide caoh2, a hydration.
The usage of ggbs to replace the cement is because the production of the cement emits carbon dioxide gas to atmosphere. Thus it can replace portland cement by up to 85% in making readymixed concrete. In the study it was observed that cement when replaced with ggbs there is a considerable increase. Experimental study on geopolymer concrete incorporating ggbs v. The use of cement replacements provides opportunities for significant reductions in energy use and carbon dioxide emissions. Effect of curing conditions on the compressive strength and. The appropriate cement content for concrete of a given 28 day cube strength and slump should be determined from trial mixes. Yes ggbs is a good partial replacement for cement in concrete mix. Pdf concrete is probably the most extensively used construction material in the world with about six billion tones being produced every year. The use of ggbs in concrete has proved to improve certain properties, when compared to portland cement concretes. Slower strength development and potentially higher longterm strength.
In the construction industry mainly the production of portland cement will causes the emission of pollutants results in environmental pollution. Ggbs has been used as a supplementary material along with the cement. Ground granulated blast furnace slag conclusion jsw cement. Replacement levels for ggbs vary from 30% to up to 85%. Ggbs cement is added to concrete in the concrete manufacturers batching plant, along with portland cement, aggregates and water. This is due to the presence of reactive silica in ggbs which offers good compatibility. Use of ggbs concrete mixes for aggressive infrastructural.
This study calibrates the performance of concrete mixtures in terms of. Granulated blast furnace slag is obtained by rapidly chilling quenching the molten ash from the furnace with the help of water. After the molten iron is tapped off, the remaining molten slag, which consists of mainly siliceous and aluminous residue is then waterquenched rapidly, resulting in the formation of a glassy granulate. It is observed that there is an increase in the compressive strength for different concrete mixes made with ggbs. Introduction the blast furnace slag is a byproduct of the iron manufacturing industry. The top countries of suppliers are india, china, and vietnam, from which the percentage of ggbs cement supply is 4%, 88%, and 5% respectively. Is ggbs a good partial replacement for cement in concrete mix. Murali krishnan2 1 assistant professor, 2 student, department of civil engineering mailam engineering college, mailam, villupuram district, tamil.
Properties of hardened concrete with blast furnace slag. Casting and testing detail total number 12 cubes and 8 cylinders were casted. Cement is made by blending 80 to 85% of ggbs with 10 to15% of calcium. Murali krishnan2 1 assistant professor, 2 student, department of civil engineering mailam engineering college, mailam, villupuram district, tamil nadu 604 304. Ggbs was obtained from ironmaking production in the uk. Ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs is byproduct from the blastfurnaces of iron and steel industries. Durability of mortars containing ground granulated. Using one tonne of regen in concrete reduces the embodied co2 by around 900kg, compared to using one tonne of portland cement, and also increases its durability. Partial replacement of cement with ggbs in self compacting concrete for sustainable construction j. Ggbs by partial replacing cement and addition of ggbs without replacing cement. Fa and sf used were conforming to bs en 4501 and bs 2631 respectively. It is added to the concrete mixer along with ordinary cement, aggregates and water.
The main hydration product of ggbs is the same as portland cement, that is, calciumsilicahydrate, which is the major chemical compound providing strength in hardened cement concrete. May 26, 2016 after the molten iron is tapped off, the remaining molten slag, which consists of mainly siliceous and aluminous residue is then waterquenched rapidly, resulting in the formation of a glassy granulate. Ggbs ground granulated blastfurnace slag is used all over the world as a direct replacement for portland cement. What is the advantage of using ggbs as replacement of cement. Also it is very important to maintain the water cement. Properties of concrete containing ground granulated blast. Ggbs is one of these supplementary materials used to replace with cement to reduce the consumption of the cement. On top of that, we produce, import and export supply materials for cement and offer national road surfacing and contracting services. Strength ggbs cement has a higher ultimate strength than concrete made with portland cement. Tech scholar professor department of civil engineering department of civil engineering g.
Blue circle ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbs. Ggbs and pfa are materials that can be added to cement made from clinker to produce different types of grey cement, or to replace a proportion of cement made from clinker when making concrete. In this study partial replacement of cement opc 43grade by groundgranulated blast furnace slag which varies from 5% to 25% at interval of 5% by total weight of opc. A typical combination is 50% ggbs with 50% portland cement, 4but percentages of ggbs anywhere between 20 and 80 % are commonly used. Influence of ggbs on mechanical properties of high. However, some concerns regarding its performance in freezing environments have been raised. Ssrg international journal of civil engineering ssrgijce volume 2 issue 10 october 2015 issn. The blends can be supplied as preblended factory produced cements, or can be formed in the mixer by adding portland cement and ggbs each from its own silo. During this process, the slag gets fragmented and transformed into amorphous granules glass, meeting the requirement of is 12089.
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